ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of human and ovine hepatic hydatid disease in Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County of Xinjiang (HMACX) and to evaluate the related strategies for prevention and control of the disease.Methods A prevalence screening method was used to screen local residents and sheep for hydatid disease in HMACX.Based on B ultrasound images,the screening programs on people and sheep in different sites were carried and the findings were comparatively analyzed.Results Findings of B ultrasound images through screening program among human beings showed that the positive rates of hydatid diseaseas 4.4％ (23/521),of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis as 4.0％ (21/521) and 0.8％ (4/521) respectively.The infection rate on sheep was 3.8％ (7/180).The positive rates of human and ovine hepatic hydatid disease in Township Chagangule were higher than in other areas.There was no significant statistical difference noticed on human positive rates between Township Chagangule and other areas.Statistically,significant difference for positive rate in ovine was seen between Township Chagangule and Township Bayinaowa (x2=4.8259,P=0.0280).As intermediate host of hydatid disease,the infection rate in sheep was higher than that in human beings at Township Chagangule.Conclusion HMACX remained a highly endemic area for human and ovine hydatid disease.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, MS-275, on the immune molecule content and categories in hepatocarcinoma exosomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Exosomes were isolated from the human hepatocarcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and Hep3b, and purified by a combination technique of ultrafiltration centrifugation and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. The expressions of heat shock protein (HSP)70, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I, HLA-DR, cluster of differentiation (CD) 80 and NY-ESO-1 on exosomes were analyzed with immunoelectron microscopy and Western blotting before and after MS-275 treatment. Intergroup differences were statistically analyzed by the Student's paired t-test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MS-275 treatment of both HepG2 and Hep3b cell types significantly increased the numbers of exosomes, their total protein content, and expression of HSP70, HLA-I and CD80 (per 100 exosomes), as compared to non-treated cells (all, P less than 0.01). MS-275 was also found to induce de novo expression of HLA-DR, but had no significant effect on NY-ESO-1 expression (P more than 0.05). The findings from immunoelectron microscopy confirmed those from Western blotting.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The histone deacetylase inhibitor, MS-275, can significantly alter the immune molecule content and categories in exosomes of hepatocarcinoma cells. The differential expression profile may reflect an anti-cancer immune response and represent molecular targets for novel anti-hepatoma therapeutic or preventative strategies.</p>